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The Golden Ratio: Phi, 1.618

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You are here: Home / Life / The Human Body and the Golden Ratio

The Human Body and the Golden Ratio

May 31, 2012 by Gary Meisner 63 Comments

The human body is based on Phi and 5.

The human body illustrates the Golden Section or Divine Proportion. We’ll use the golden ratio building blocks developed on the Life page again for each line segment:

Successive Golden Sections of a Line, based on phi, the golden ratio

"The Golden Ruler" a Golden Ratio Measuring Stick based on phi by Gary B. Meisner

Human body showing the Divine proportion, phi or golden ratio throughout its dimensionsThe Divine Proportion in the Body

  • The white line is the body’s height.
  • The blue line, a golden section of the white line, defines the distance from the head to the finger tips.
  • The yellow line, a golden section of the blue line, defines the distance from the head to the navel and the elbows.
  • The green line, a golden section of the yellow line, defines the distance from the head to the pectorals and inside top of the arms, the width of the shoulders, the length of the forearm and the shin bone.
  • The magenta line, a golden section of the green line, defines the distance from the head to the base of the skull and the width of the abdomen. The sectioned portions of the magenta line determine the position of the nose and the hairline.

Although not shown, the golden section of the magenta line (also the short section of the green line) defines the width of the head and half the width of the chest and the hips.


The Human Body is based on patterns of 5, which is the basis for Phi as well

Another interesting relationship of golden section to the design of the human body is that there are:

  • 5 appendages to the torso, in the arms, leg and head.
  • 5 appendages on each of these, in the fingers and toes
  • 5 openings on the face.
  • 5 sense organs for sight, sound, touch, taste and smell.

The golden section in turn, is also based on 5, as the number phi, or 1.6180339…, is computed using 5’s, as follows:

5 ^ .5 * .5 + .5 = Phi

In this mathematical construction “5 ^ .5” means “5 raised to the 1/2 power,” which is the square root of 5, which is then multiplied by .5 and to which .5 is then added.

Filed Under: Life

Comments

  1. Rick says

    August 29, 2012 at 1:41 pm

    Interesting.

    Reply
    • Aaron Z says

      April 18, 2016 at 7:11 pm

      I have used this ” GOLDEN RATIO ” in Dental Technology

      Reply
      • Kero Boles says

        January 8, 2018 at 10:37 pm

        Me too Aaron 😀

        Reply
    • Jack says

      November 21, 2016 at 11:45 pm

      does anyone have any more information about the relationship phi and the human body? is there any books specifically about it? because i am currently doing an internal assessment ( a kind of research) and my topic is the relationship of phi/golden ratio and our human body 😀 ? thank you all

      Reply
      • Gary B Meisner says

        November 22, 2016 at 12:31 am

        This video may give you some points to measure:

        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKWV-uU_SoI

        Reply
        • am says

          April 19, 2019 at 6:49 pm

          Does anyone have or know of any website that I can get info. from abut the golden ratio in relation to the human body?

          Reply
      • Bonnie says

        October 9, 2021 at 8:33 pm

        What is the connection of Hermes to the Golden ratio?

        Reply
      • Evelyn says

        February 12, 2022 at 6:34 am

        Hello, I’m also doing an internal evaluation on this aspect. Can I borrow your topic for reference? I don’t have any ideas for choosing the topic now.

        Reply
        • Nils says

          August 12, 2024 at 8:42 am

          Hi Evelyn, I really hope you see this! I currently have to write an Internal Assessment in maths, and I was wondering if you ever wrote that essay?

          Reply
    • paul says

      October 31, 2022 at 9:08 pm

      ok but how does this affect LeBrons legacy?

      Reply
  2. Jeremy George says

    August 29, 2012 at 9:02 pm

    cool

    Reply
  3. Tony says

    August 30, 2012 at 10:25 pm

    My recent overview of this website has lead me to wonder if the human heartbeat has a direct corelation to phi. Perhaps in the measured longevity of the beat as well as the actual sound pattern.

    Reply
    • xXTAKENXx says

      March 6, 2013 at 3:24 pm

      Interesting

      Reply
    • Caeli Francisco says

      March 2, 2014 at 1:28 pm

      You have a point there.

      Reply
    • retrob8 says

      December 30, 2015 at 6:30 am

      You tube. I forget the name of the vid … Sacred geometry from memory, longish video and dude is a little full of himself and seems like wishful rubbish but in the end demonstrates interesting discoveries culminating in, seemingly, wonderous connection between his discoveries an the shape of the human heart.

      Reply
      • retrob8 says

        December 30, 2015 at 6:32 am

        . I found that vid to be an interesting watch anyways.

        Reply
    • Rachel Kendall says

      July 31, 2019 at 1:26 am

      The Constance of our heartbeat is Pi, which has a correlation to the golden mean.

      Reply
  4. abhay dev says

    October 31, 2012 at 10:05 am

    very good nice

    Reply
  5. rashid says

    December 8, 2012 at 11:38 am

    everything is in mathematics – example the human body

    Reply
  6. CHIKINNUGGIT says

    January 7, 2013 at 5:10 pm

    That is freaky in a cool way

    Reply
    • etaylor says

      December 13, 2013 at 1:48 pm

      really

      Reply
  7. TORRESFERNANDO says

    January 27, 2013 at 3:35 am

    VERY VERY COOL!!!

    Reply
  8. Xristos 'o Zoografos says

    February 17, 2013 at 5:37 pm

    It strikes me so very interesting that as a young artist I was already learning the proportions of the human body so that I could draw a reasonably realistic figure, but in my case I learned the proportions from sources which used a more general fraction than the detailed decimal number shown in this site–that is, from books and teachers all the way back to grade school (and then, after going to the Fox Lane Junior High School in Upstate N.Y. and Long Island City High School in Queens, N.Y., I attended the Pratt Institute Art School for both my bachelor’s and master’s degrees and all the way through we had six-hour drawing classes each week and drew from nude models).

    For example, when it comes to limbs, it was this way: The lower arm or forearm is two-thirds the length of the upper arm, which is longest; the hand (palm plus longest finger) is two-thirds the length of the forearm; each part of each finger, from longest to shortest, is two-thirds the length of each segment of the part of the finger before it, starting from where the finger is attached to the palm. This two-thirds proportioning is also applied to the feet, running from the upper leg bone to the lower leg bone to the foot. And, the artist generally uses the head of the individual to describe his or her height, although the basic general height of a generalized person is eight heads tall.

    That’s why the “phi” and “fibonacci” as well as the “golden mean” caught my attention at this site. Actually, I originally set out to find out how to figure out the exact length of each limb (so I could get accurate lengths for shirt sleeves and pants), and that’s how I and this site crossed paths! You have to remember, too, that the artist does not stop to do mathematical calculations–the artist simply uses his sharp trained eyes, and so two-thirds is much easier to determine with the eyes than 1.61804 or 61.8%. By the way, the fraction two-thirds reduced to a decimal works out to .66666… or 66%.

    Still, the artist is not viewing decimals; the artist views relationships through visual determination, and note, too, that art teachers or drawing instructors are always urging their student-artistes to exaggerate both the sizes of the body parts and the angles of a model’s poses! Meanwhile, the artist is certainly aware of the “golden proportion”, as it is named here. Ah! wonder of wonders, miracle of miracles!!! For li’l ole me (I just turned 65 on May 5th), ’twas once upon a time and long ago!

    Reply
    • Lens says

      September 4, 2015 at 8:32 am

      Oh wow, Thank you for your comment.
      Your comment is made this page even better!

      Reply
    • Xenophilius Lovegood says

      February 18, 2022 at 12:32 pm

      That is a long comment… it took me a while to read 😀
      Thanks for your input. It opened a new perspective for me. Being an artist seems cool and your mathematical / artist insight added to the magic of the article. Keep it up honey!!!!

      Reply
  9. mahshad says

    September 16, 2013 at 9:40 am

    i like it because it has a lot of information.

    Reply
  10. Phil Moufarrege says

    November 17, 2013 at 8:39 am

    Absolutely brilliant article. “In the beginning was the word, and the word was God” is referring to what I believe to be the word = sound = vibration. Have you seen the videos of sand on a speaker plate forming intricate patterns from the specific tunings of the sound? The beginning of the universe was formed from vibration which organizes matter into patterns. Ancient cultures knew this.

    Pythagoras would have you fast 40 days on water just to enter his Pythagorean academy. He would then give you a “sacred meal” known as Pulse (as mentioned in Daniel 1:12 in the bible) he referred to it as “the meal of hercules” it was a sprouted fruit nut grain meal that was prepared to the phi ratio. ancient cutlures knew that food prepared in this way was perfect for the body.

    Reply
  11. Caeli Francisco says

    March 2, 2014 at 1:24 pm

    Can anyone tell me where on the human body can be found the exact golden ratio point? Would be at the heart?

    Reply
  12. Sceptic says

    April 3, 2014 at 3:05 am

    I must say that the common believe in the five senses of the human body is, in fact, not true. We have more than 5 senses (and I’m not referring to the paranormal “eye” which some people believe in).

    We have, for example, the sense of temperature, which is not the same as touch. The sense of pain is somehow related to touch but not quite the same.
    The sense of pressure.
    The sense of proprioception (which makes you able to know where your body parts are while closing your eyes).
    The sense of balance.
    ….
    Senses are, in fact, the human body taking information about the enviroment and processing this.
    The 5 5 5 5 thing is just mere coïncidence, or in other words, searching for something that is not there.

    Reply
    • Gary Meisner says

      April 6, 2014 at 10:12 pm

      Good point on human senses. The page has been corrected to say “five sense organs” rather than “five senses” to make it accurate. How do you determine what is coincidence and what is not? It’s possible to search for relationships that do not exist, but also possible to chose to dismiss those that do. Our underlying beliefs strongly influence how we see the evidence.

      Reply
      • B says

        August 16, 2016 at 3:38 pm

        Is the stomach not a sense organ? Hunger, nausea, connection to others, nervousness etc. Are all felt in the stomach.

        Your lungs sense pressure change and humidity.

        Reply
        • Gary B Meisner says

          August 16, 2016 at 8:54 pm

          Yes, that’s true. I see that the traditional list of five senses has now been expanded to as many as twenty-one. See http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2010/07/humans-have-a-lot-more-than-five-senses/.

          Reply
    • k says

      July 3, 2017 at 12:44 am

      thats amaZING

      Reply
  13. Metakythera says

    August 21, 2014 at 1:18 pm

    For as long as I’ve been researching the Golden Section and related phenomenon- its still a bit of a hurdle to expect an absolute (even a proportional one) to occur in all humans. Even described simply- any pairing of normal human beings– with two eyes, two arms, two legs, nose, ears, mouth etc etc etc– seldom look the same. The great diversity of people on earth who belong to the same species is amazing. As much as I hate to ignore my intuition and numerous spiritual experiences, I can’t help but to desire a formula- at the very least, a guideline within which phi would occur unerringly. I doubt that’s going to happen, at least not within my current mathematical abilities- but in the meantime– if your trust your eyes as well as your math– check out the “test” I did in the video posted above. Not what I expected– but still fascinating.

    Reply
    • Gary Meisner says

      August 25, 2014 at 8:12 pm

      Great video! Please share more of your work here. One exception regarding your conclusions: See the Birth of Venus on the Botticelli page as analyzed in high resolution. I don’t think anyone takes the position that all humans conform to the golden ratio in all their proportions. It’s just the proportion that seems to appear with frequency and that is often related to perceptions of beauty.

      Reply
      • Metakythera says

        August 25, 2014 at 10:59 pm

        Thanks Gary! To be honest- I started off expecting to get a lot more yeses than nos- but felt I had to share the result one way or another. The final result being so close to 1.6:1 (even if not in the desired direction) was an odd surprise though. About beauty– often in the eye of the beholder– I’d be curious to hear from others, but in many cases (Lindsay Lohan for one) it seemed like those bodies which did conform to the Golden Ratio had the navel too high for my tastes– an odd observation I know– but after going through so many pics, couldn’t help but notice. Also- as the type of photos available tended to be celebs and professional models- I couldn’t help but wonder about different races and- shall we say– less “fit” family lines.

        I actually found this after I had completed the video, but if any one else is interested, this study actually came to the opposite conclusion as I did: http://www.fq.math.ca/Scanned/17-4/davis-a.pdf I will definitely share more of my research in a future video- I just feel the need to apologize ahead of time for the 1998 slideshow tech level! 😉

        Reply
  14. mahathi says

    September 30, 2014 at 11:37 pm

    AWESOME. VERY INFORMATIVE.

    Reply
  15. Namitha says

    November 11, 2014 at 7:00 am

    superb

    Reply
  16. kalanjali Deshpande says

    December 8, 2014 at 9:42 pm

    Interesting.Have to learn it

    Reply
  17. dawn says

    February 6, 2015 at 9:16 am

    Way cool God’s opening up a new realization and inspiration for us to find that everything He designed can be reduced to numbers (mathematics – the universal language); even His word. it’s all going to end in PERFECT BEAUTY, which is HIM! 🙂 If this piques your interest, read Bonnie Gaunt’s book, Jesus Christ and the Number of His Name; The Amazing Number Code in the Bible; also Theomatics’ by Lucas and Washburn. God bless

    Reply
    • Samantha says

      December 29, 2015 at 7:40 pm

      So…. you’re a believer Dawn???????? Just wondering…. cuz that’s way cool, I’m a believer, too!!!!!!!!!!! 🙂

      Reply
  18. leopold says

    February 16, 2015 at 2:26 am

    this is really cool

    Reply
  19. R.M.S.Manike says

    February 27, 2016 at 12:43 pm

    I like the way of the mathematical instructions are given.great Job indeed!!!!!!!!

    Reply
  20. abbysion says

    April 5, 2016 at 12:11 pm

    amazing

    Reply
  21. abbysion says

    April 5, 2016 at 12:15 pm

    this nimble artical was very revealing.

    Reply
  22. Mikey says

    June 1, 2016 at 6:05 am

    The golden ratio appears so often in nature so often eg
    Ammenites,flower petals, some tree species etc etc that it has to be more than a mere coincidence….God had a scientific calculater. FACT!

    Reply
  23. Jaime says

    September 29, 2016 at 1:43 am

    When I was younger in GT class, I think like 5th grade actually, we did this project on the golden ratio and we measured everyone in the class. I turned out to be the only one that had the golden ratio. Our teacher also had us see how many letters are in each part of our names. Mine is Jaime Pablo Lopez which is 5, 5, 5. So we were all trippin by then. And I I don’t know some wierd stuff has been going down in my life since then, I mean like not anything crazy but ya know, I just always been wanting some input ?

    Reply
  24. Anonymous says

    March 21, 2017 at 12:25 pm

    If a painter uses the Divine Proportion and represents a human figure with a height of 2.6 feet, which of the following would measure 1 foot in length?

    Reply
    • Gary B Meisner says

      March 21, 2017 at 8:05 pm

      The most common answer would be the distance from the navel to the top of the head. The ratio of 1.0 to 2.618 is the same as 0.382 to 1.0, so it defines the golden ratio of the height.

      Reply
  25. peter rose says

    September 4, 2017 at 5:39 am

    very informative it certainly proves that every thing is in accord in balance , yet surviving in a element of discord. I have done my own research on the symmetric aspects of the human body and have found the golden Ratio to be very accurate. further to your findings , I have discovered additional a /symmetrical/mathematical measurements of the human body,
    The length of the human face is equal to the length of the human hand.
    The circumference of the calf muscle is equal to the circumference of the neck.
    The distance from the centre of the sternum to the elbow is exactly half the distance as from the centre of the sternum to the FINGERTIPS.
    The length of the nose is exactly 1/3 the length of the face. The distance from the tip of the nose to the chin is equal to the length of the nose. The distance from the top of the nose to the hairline is equal to the length of the nose. (the golden ratio )
    In the male within the human species; The distance from the human coxyn to the top of the shoulders. is 3 times the length of the foot ( as from the heal to the top of the ball of the foot )
    The width of the person’s shoulders. 4.7 times the with of the ball of the foot..
    The width of a persons hips is 4.7 times the width of the heal.
    So it can be concluded that the width of the foot is in direct proportion to the width of the human torso.

    Reply
  26. Melissa says

    February 7, 2018 at 8:41 pm

    This is all so interesting!

    Reply
  27. Chris says

    September 5, 2019 at 6:32 pm

    This is all very interesting.. I am a violinist and have seen that the proportions on the making of a violin have almost on every corner the Golden ratio.. But at the beginning some VIOLINMAKER had to sit down and design this masterpiece. The sound inside travels also from this construction so that the best quality and quantity of sound can be produced. With all this knowledge and precision and patience a beautiful instrument is created and not evolved from matter.. It takes a humble step to see the magnificent MAKER behind the human body and the whole of creation even to the ends of the universe. This Mastermind that we Christians call God is greater and more intelligent than any of us and yet people assume this all came about by itself. In the beginning was the Word.. From dead matter to the high complex information that is needed to make even one protein in our body’s system, Is for me as a normal intelligent person, shear impossible…
    With all these thoughts think of the small instrument maker, the next time you go to a beautiful concert and maybe you will finally realize, while listening to the concert, the Great Maker who is behind the whole of creation.

    Reply
  28. anne fesalbon says

    October 13, 2020 at 10:30 pm

    may i ask, does everyone havae a golden ratio? Because we have a assessment to measure some parts of our body which have golden ratio but I when I divide those values I can’t even get phi value ?

    Reply
    • Gary B Meisner says

      October 19, 2020 at 12:15 pm

      Not everyone will have golden ratios in their proportions, but most people will have some proportions that are very close. The key thing is to know where to look for them. See these articles for guidance:

      https://www.goldennumber.net/meisner-beauty-guide-golden-ratio-facial-analysis/
      https://www.goldennumber.net/facial-beauty-golden-ratio-photo-analysis/
      https://www.goldennumber.net/human-body/

      Reply
  29. anne fesalbon says

    October 23, 2020 at 7:55 am

    Thank you so much.

    Reply
  30. Nelson says

    January 26, 2021 at 7:21 pm

    ever wonder why the very best(eg athletes,etc) and the healthy have close symmetry between left and right mirroring? contemplate

    left and right, hands and feet.

    bipedalism, momentum, ambidextrous-footness.

    big knuckles connected to your….big foot knuckles. knees connected to your….elbows. break that down for each joint and connect them all together.

    another example:

    fingertips connected to your….toe tips, wrists connected to your….ankles.

    your head, neck, ex/internal cavities. contemplate and read below.

    you are what you do, and your body always remembers, TENSION.

    now those measurements make sense? performance nothing to do with a balance of each segments, between left and right? how we perform our daily tasks? metabolism?

    visible difference between 6 pack abs and 10 pack abs? never seen a tri athlete with 6?

    man and woman Made for each other?

    maybe more than we like to confront and Know.

    Reply
    • Nelson says

      January 26, 2021 at 7:28 pm

      almost forgot to add, animals and nature. everything is connected, Everything. Tension

      Reply
  31. Nelson says

    January 26, 2021 at 7:31 pm

    almost forgot to add, animals and nature. everything is connected, Everything. TENSION

    add to above
    20/20 vision
    breathing
    5 senses and their accompanying organs
    TENSION

    Reply
  32. Shark says

    May 24, 2021 at 8:38 am

    I don’t even know why i’m here i’m gotta do golden ratio for math class but its the last week of school so i’m boutta say screw it

    Reply
    • Gary B Meisner says

      May 24, 2021 at 11:10 am

      Hi Leo,

      Well to make the golden ratio more interesting, pick a topic you like and see how it might apply: Sports, beauty, history, nature, DNA, etc. Type any one of those into the Search bar at the top right of https://www.goldennumber.net.

      And to see how other people apply it, try my software site page at https://www.phimatrix.com/applications/. Download the two week free trial and apply it to some photos – people’s faces, famous artwork, etc.

      For an overview to get you started, see:

      https://www.goldennumber.net/golden-ratio/

      A few interesting videos:

      https://youtu.be/kKWV-uU_SoI
      https://youtu.be/nXDmAtTJ6JY

      But if you just want the math try start here:

      https://www.goldennumber.net/math/
      https://www.goldennumber.net/geometry/

      That should get you started, with a better head start than most everyone else in your class.

      As Nike says, “Just Do It!”

      Reply
  33. mohanjit says

    August 29, 2021 at 9:29 am

    the equation for PHI at the end of this article in wrong.
    correctly,

    PHI= .5 (.5 + .5 + ( 5 ^ .5 ))

    or
    PHI = (1/2) x ( 1 + sqrt5 )

    Reply
    • Gary B Meisner says

      September 4, 2021 at 9:57 am

      The formula in article is correct, and quite simple. Copy and paste =5^.5*.5+.5 into Excel and it will produce 1.618034…

      Your formulas are mathematically correct, but lack the simplicity and elegance of =5^.5*.5+.5

      Reply
  34. mohanjit gill says

    September 9, 2021 at 10:33 am

    Sir!
    You are quite correct!
    but to be clear only ( .5 x ( 5 ^ .5 ) ) + .5 = PHI.

    Thanks for setting me straight.
    One big attraction of my first formula is that it uses five 5s

    Reply

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