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The Golden Ratio: Phi, 1.618

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You are here: Home / Phi / The Golden Section / Golden Ratio

The Golden Section / Golden Ratio

May 15, 2012 by Gary Meisner 37 Comments

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GoldenNumber.Net explores the appearance of Phi, 1.618 (also known as the Golden Ratio, Golden Mean, Golden Section or Divine Proportion, in mathematics, geometry, life and the universe and shows you how to apply it, and its applications are limitless:

  • Art
  • Architecture
  • Design of any kind – Graphics, logos, products, fashion, web sites and more
  • Photo composition, photo cropping matting and framing
  • Personal beauty and facial or dental cosmetic procedures to enhance beauty
  • Stock market and FOREX analysis

The Golden Section is a ratio based on a the number Phi, 1.618…

The Golden Section or Ratio is is a ratio or proportion defined by the number Phi (= 1.618033988749895… )

It can be derived with a number of geometric constructions, each of which divides a line segment at the unique point where:

the ratio of the whole line (A) to the large segment (B)

is the same as

the ratio of the large segment (B) to the small segment (C).

Sectioning a line to form the Golden Section, based on phi, the golden ratio

In other words, A is to B as B is to C.

This occurs only where A is 1.618 … times B and B is 1.618 … times C.


This ratio has been used by mankind for centuries

Its use may have started as early as with the Egyptians in the design of the pyramids,

Phi, the golden ratio, as found in the Great Pyramid of Egypt The Great Pyramid of Egypt

 

The Greeks recognized it as
“dividing a line in the extreme and mean ratio”
The Renaissance artists
knew it as the
Divine Proportion
The Parthenon illustrates design based on phi, the golden ratio The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci makes extensive use of phi, the golden ratio or Divine proportion in its composition and design
and used it for beauty
and balance in the
design of architecture,
perhaps as early as the Parthenon
and used it for beauty
and balance in the
design of art

 

It appears in the design of Notre Dame in Paris

Phi, the golden ratio is found in design of Notre Dame cathedral in Paris

and continues today in many examples of art, architecture and design.

It also appears in the physical proportions of the human body, movements in the stock market and many other aspects of life and the universe.

Dr. Stephen Marquardt has discovered a template for human beauty using the Golden Section, with obvious relevance in the plastic surgery industry. Marquardt’s analysis takes ethnicity into account, and illustrates variations that are are both numerous and subtle.

See the other sections and pages of this site listed above and to the right for a broad sampling of the many appearances and applications of the golden ratio.

Filed Under: Phi

Comments

  1. NF Hannibal says

    September 12, 2012 at 12:07 pm

    This is good stuff – I have been trying to find a good source to educate myself in the concepts of sacred geometry, looks like I have found it!

    Reply
    • patrick says

      November 20, 2012 at 1:33 am

      Get Robert Ludlow’s book “Sacred Geometry”. It’s a brilliant primer and workbook on the subject

      Reply
    • petes farm says

      June 30, 2016 at 6:08 pm

      there is a scematic of planets set in their pattern & as they revolve, the end pattern is in the form of a flower, same with some sea shells-wish I had the links

      Reply
  2. SIMONA says

    October 21, 2012 at 5:16 am

    Instructive and interesting

    Reply
  3. Sammy says

    January 24, 2013 at 3:53 pm

    Awesome

    Reply
  4. ebonygrace says

    March 27, 2013 at 10:17 am

    love this site

    Reply
  5. vector louis says

    April 21, 2013 at 10:43 am

    The golden ratio is unique and amazing because I think it is somewhat like a snake biting its own tail which is part of the symbol of world in Taros. Euclid defined this ratio as follows: If we divide a line such that the ratio of the small portion to the large one is equal to the the ratio of the large portion to the whole line. I think it is like the snake and it represents the harmony and beauty of the multiverse which has no origin and ends.

    Reply
    • vivi says

      October 19, 2014 at 4:16 am

      i’m still don’t get it. why A : B = B : C? please help~

      Reply
      • Gary Meisner says

        October 19, 2014 at 9:38 am

        A : B=B : C simply means that the ratio of length A (the entire line) to that of B (the longer segment) is the same ratio as that of length B to that of C (the shorter segment). It expresses mathematically the one and only way to divide a line so that its sections are in the same ratio to one another. The dividing point occurs at 0.618… of the line’s length, the reciprocal of 1.618… This results in ratios of A to B of 1.618:1 and B to C of 1.618:1 By contrast, if you cut a line in half, the ratio of the entire length to the sectioned pieces is 2:1 while the ratio of the pieces are 1:1. Cut it in thirds and the ratio A to B is 3:2 and B to C is 2:1. Only the golden ratio pf 1.618 results in the same ratio for all the segments.

        Reply
        • vivi says

          October 27, 2014 at 2:29 am

          thanks 🙂

          Reply
        • Dr lei says

          November 29, 2022 at 4:07 pm

          x=(1-x)/x,
          so, x=2/3=0.66666… why 0.618?

          Reply
          • Dr lei says

            November 29, 2022 at 4:20 pm

            0.618…yes, right!

          • Gary B Meisner says

            December 17, 2022 at 10:50 am

            Your solution is not correct. If x=(1-x)/x and you set x=2/3 then you’re formula is saying:
            2/3 = (1-2/3)/(2/3), so
            2/3 = (1/3)/(2/3), and
            2/3 = 1/2, which is of course not true.

    • Mark says

      October 26, 2016 at 11:02 am

      Thank you for this comment I didn’t get it at first but I understand now!

      Cheers

      Reply
  6. giovanni borello says

    July 1, 2013 at 12:09 pm

    very informational and understandable

    Reply
  7. oscar borello says

    July 2, 2013 at 6:46 pm

    very instructive and easy to understand

    Reply
  8. Tom says

    July 17, 2013 at 4:03 pm

    Did you know the golden section proportions are found in the Holy Bible?? The old testament fits into the large section and the new testament fits into the smaller section. That’s how you know the Holy Bible was divinely inspired by God, and is the truth to all the universe.

    If you need further proof, just divide 66 (the number of books in the bible) by 1.618 (the Golden ratio number) and you get (40.7) The book of Matthew… exactly where the Bible divides in two.

    Furthermore, the complete sum of one Golden section box equals 33. The complete sum of Jesus at the age he died was 33! Two golden spirals added up equals 66. The bible has 66 books. The Bible is actually the DNA of God in words.

    Reply
    • Kim says

      September 30, 2013 at 12:14 am

      Where did you find this out?

      Reply
      • Evan says

        July 1, 2015 at 5:02 am

        yeah i googled it and when nothing came up on the world wide web…???
        I tested it, and it works. Why don’t more people know about this?

        Reply
        • Edna Ferg says

          September 18, 2020 at 12:57 pm

          Because pulling a bunch of numbers out of a hat doesn’t prove anything.

          Reply
    • Shamil says

      June 18, 2017 at 8:16 pm

      Jesus did’t actually die, so be careful

      Reply
      • Gary B Meisner says

        June 19, 2017 at 3:58 pm

        Yes, crucified and resurrected would be more accurate.

        Reply
      • Shinobi says

        October 13, 2018 at 7:47 pm

        He’s constantly dying and resurrecting, just like Mary is eternally Virginal… *chuckles*.

        Ps. All things sacred are inspired by God.

        Ps. II Don’t be a literalist when dealing with a literalist – makes you a literalist just like them…

        Reply
    • Kyle says

      October 5, 2024 at 2:48 am

      What do you mean by the sum of one Golden Section Box equals 33?

      Reply
  9. Matguwapo says

    August 26, 2013 at 7:57 pm

    This is the best golden section/ratio explanation

    Reply
  10. musoke godfrey says

    October 15, 2013 at 3:38 am

    the golden section is great art

    Reply
    • mady says

      May 7, 2014 at 11:27 am

      so right about god hes the ruler of all

      Reply
  11. fofi says

    November 4, 2014 at 11:12 pm

    does anyone know if golden ratio has been used for making clothes? any bibliography for golden ratio and fashion? or a fashion designer who has inspired of this ratio for his collections? or even about sacred geometry and fashion… thank you

    Reply
    • Gary Meisner says

      November 5, 2014 at 3:38 pm

      Yes, quite often, and there are many articles on this:

      http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/931830-designing-with-the-perfect-tool-the-golden-ratio-as-it-applies-to-fashion/
      http://thefashioncode.com/behind-the-code
      http://www.insideoutstyleblog.com/2011/10/how-to-use-the-golden-mean-ratio-to-dress.html

      As to a fashion designer inspired, I’m sure there are many but one story that comes to mind is that of the “Phi Collection” created by Susan Dell, wife of Dell Computer’s Michael Dell. More of a fashion success than a financial success, but still the inspiration:

      http://fashionbelle.com/taxonomy/term/242
      http://www.bryanboy.com/bryanboy_le_superstar_fab/2009/12/phi-collection-to-shut-down.html
      http://kingdomofstyle.typepad.co.uk/my_weblog/2008/11/the-golden-ratio.html
      http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2009/12/22/us-label-phi-to-close
      http://www.7×7.com/fashion/phi-nally-phi-arrives-san-francisco

      Reply
  12. naman ladhad says

    June 2, 2015 at 11:31 am

    i love the content of the website, it has taught me a lot about the golden ratio and its relevance in life and various aspects in our lives. although i fail to understand the basic idea or the basis of phi and why is it prevalent everywhere, why does nature structure itself with phi and why does this whole universe follow phi, is there an interconnection or a just a miracle???

    Reply
  13. Cherry says

    June 16, 2015 at 1:56 am

    Wow!
    I learnt alot today
    Actually really needed this for research
    Thanks

    Reply
  14. kaiden says

    July 11, 2015 at 3:54 pm

    Good knowledge

    Reply
  15. malbosha maqkha light says

    January 5, 2016 at 8:42 am

    learning about my family

    Reply
  16. Bruce says

    March 17, 2016 at 1:35 am

    I applied the diagonal from the golden section ratio to Angkor Wat in plan and some elevations and it was freeky how it all laid out perfectly.

    Reply
  17. olgateresa says

    September 30, 2016 at 2:01 pm

    So, I am a painter and still trying to figure out the Golden Ratio on my canvas. I am wondering if anyone can give me some quick advice as to how to lay my composition out. I want to start with a point of interest.

    Reply
    • Gary B Meisner says

      October 1, 2016 at 7:43 am

      I’d recommend checking out my tutorials and videos at http://www.phimatrix.com for ideas on how to apply the golden ratio to art and design projects. In particular see:

      http://www.phimatrix.com/applications/
      http://www.phimatrix.com/help/

      You can apply the golden ratio within the proportions of the components of your composition, and even in the sizing of the matte. See how other artists have applied it here:

      https://www.goldennumber.net/leonardo-da-vinci-salvator-mundi/
      https://www.goldennumber.net/michelangelo-sistine-chapel-golden-ratio-art-design/
      https://www.goldennumber.net/georges-seurat-golden-ratio-in-art/
      https://www.goldennumber.net/google-logo-design-golden-ratio/

      Hope that helps!

      Reply
  18. Sangeetha says

    August 21, 2020 at 12:21 pm

    Hi! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I genuinely enjoy reading your blog posts. Can you recommend any other Fashion Write For Us blogs that go over the same topics? Thanks a ton!

    Reply

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